35. 野外的水一律烧开再喝,滚开一分钟就够,不用因为海拔高多煮
13. 紧急情况:先做什么
证据 B
·约 3 分钟
·阅读 1
- 成本多背一套炉具和燃料的重量。
- 说人话所有能靠喝水致病的微生物,在沸点温度下几秒就死了。再滚一分钟,只是给「看走眼」留的余量,不用因为海拔高就多煮。烧不了就用过滤器或者消毒片,这两样各有覆盖不到的病原体,能烧还是烧。看着清澈的溪水、雪水一样可能有寄生虫。
- 收益所有能靠喝水致病的微生物,在水烧开的温度下几秒就被杀死(灭活)。「高海拔水烧不到位」是常见误解
- 证据等级B
- 来源美国疾病控制与预防中心. 黄皮书·旅行者的水消毒:「All organisms that may cause illness from drinking water are killed within seconds at boiling temperature」「CDC recommends that travelers boil water for a full minute to account for user variability in identifying boiling points and to add a margin of safety」「Although the boiling point for water decreases with increasing elevation, at common travel elevations the temperature needed to achieve boiling is still well above the temperature required to inactivate enteric pathogens」. https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/preparing-international-travelers/water-disinfection-for-travelers.html
- 备注同一页也写了不必真的烧开:60 ℃ 保持 30 分钟同样有效,烧开只是不用温度计就能看见的终点。烧不了就用过滤器或者化学消毒片,两者各有覆盖不到的病原体,能烧就烧。看起来清澈的溪水、雪水一样可能有寄生虫,别凭外观判断。